The Dangers of Muscle Mass Loss

Muscle mass loss, also known as sarcopenia, is a serious condition that can have far-reaching consequences on overall health and well-being. From a metabolic perspective, sarcopenia is closely linked to metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension.(1)

This is highlighted in a recent study that analyzed the relationship between sarcopenia and various metabolic risk factors in individuals over 60 years old. The results showed that sarcopenia was indeed a significant risk factor for metabolic diseases, with an odds ratio of 2.161 (95% CI: 1.548–3.018, p < 0.001).(1) This association was observed in both men (OR: 2.792, 95% CI: 1.637–4.764, p < 0.001) and women (OR: 1.980, 95% CI: 1.049–3.738, p = 0.035).(1) Some younger patients may dismiss this as a problem for older individuals, its not. Muscle mass loss and difficulty maintaining muscle mass can become relevant even in a patient's 4th decade. We advocate for starting early at Mission Metabolic Health to insure against this risk.

A review article from 2021 explored the relationship between weight loss strategies and the risk of skeletal muscle mass loss.(2) The researchers found that while energy restriction and exercise are effective for weight loss, they can also lead to unintentional loss of fat-free mass, including skeletal muscle. Through exercise and diet we work to  build our patients strength and muscle during our weight loss programs at MMH. Loss of lean mass can have negative implications for metabolic health, physical function, and overall quality of life.(2)

Benefits of Lean Mass for Prevention of Chronic Disease, Morbidity, and Mortality

At MMH we obsess over maintaining adequate lean mass in our patients because it's crucial for the prevention of chronic diseases, morbidity, and mortality. Lean mass, particularly skeletal muscle, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular health.(1)(2) Individuals with low muscle mass have an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders, functional impairment, and premature mortality.(1)(2)

Muscle mass loss is a serious concern that can have detrimental effects on metabolic health and overall well-being. Strategies to preserve lean mass, such as resistance exercise and adequate protein intake, should be incorporated into weight management programs to mitigate the risk of sarcopenia and its associated complications.(1)(2)

References:

1. Kim, J., Lee, Y., Kye, S., Chung, Y. S., & Kim, K. M. (2023). Sarcopenia as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome in older adults: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. Experimental Gerontology, 174, 112401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2022.112401

2. Heymsfield, S. B., Gonzalez, M. C., Shen, W., Redman, L., & Thomas, D. (2021). Weight loss strategies and their impact on skeletal muscle mass: A review. Obesity, 29(8), 1293-1302. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.23177